So Easy Not to Hear

Black-and-white winter field with a snowy track beside a leaning barbed-wire fence under an overcast sky

Each time he feels a chill, and each time he recovers.” — Morris Caplin

“Truth reaches us through our freedom, and usually through someone else’s freedom first.”
— Morris Caplin
Aleksander Solzhenittsyn B So Easy Not to Hear

Morris Caplin - Solzhenitsyn’s first novel shows how ideology deafens a man, and who keeps speaking anyway.

From a Number to You.

Without a pen or paper, a prisoner in a labor camp composed poems in his mind and contrived a system for keeping them there. "Prisoner's Right," one of them, contemplates the millions consumed by the Soviet system and comes up with a total: "In that number we're nil upon nil upon nil."

This is where Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn found himself in February 1945 when he was arrested: a man reduced to a number. Years later, in another poem, that same man would address God as "you." Love the Revolution, his unfinished first novel, now published in English for the first time, occupies the space between those two words.

Most of it was written by him in 1948 in the Marfino sharashka; it was re-worked by the changed man after 1956, so the irony we hear may belong to either of them. Italian readers have had the book since 2012 as Ama la rivoluzione!, launched at the Biblioteca Ambrosiana with Ignat Solzhenitsyn in the room. Its hero, Gleb Nerzhin, is the author young: a true believer who experiences “boundless, intoxicating” joy at having been born in “the best of all lands.”

The title asks us to take a verb seriously. Nerzhin does not have an opinion about the Revolution. He loves the Revolution. He believes that his generation was "born for a single purpose," to carry the Revolution across the face of the earth and die in the process. To hand the desire for destiny – the deepest thing in a man – over to an idol. Giussani knew what an idol like that was capable of. In The Religious Sense he cites Solzhenitsyn's observation that Shakespeare's villains stopped at a dozen corpses.

In his review published by The New Criterion, Gary Saul Morson describes perfectly why those facts never actually made it to Nerzhin. Facts were unable to penetrate ideology because people cling to ideology for the promise of certainty. Facts keep coming. Yesterday’s friend is today’s enemy, and Nerzhin nearly loses 10 years over a baseless accusation while standing in a check-out line. His wife is an hour late for class, and under the wartime laws he so enthusiastically supports, she is subject to prosecution. Every time he feels a chill, he recovers. In a few words, Solzhenitsyn tells the tale: “It is so easy not to listen and not to hear!” Nerzhin is only “momentarily” depressed. His optimism wins the day.

Morson (Gary Saul Morson is the Lawrence B. Dumas Professor of the Arts and Humanities at Northwestern University and the author of Wonder Confronts Certainty (Belknap Press) is correct, and I would be happy to stop there, leaving the Soviets on one side of the glass and us on the other. But the book does not allow for that conclusion. Each of us is being provoked by reality, and we either accept the provocation in its entirety or reduce it to something manageable. Nerzhin reduced it. We do the same. The faith that we repeat but no longer verify, the friend whose pain we classify: same dance, performed by people who would never wear the party colors. The armor is older than the Soviets. It is the oldest reflex of an “I” that wants to stay in charge.

What changed him? Not debates. Simply look at who is near Nerzhin: Diomidov, an elderly man who saw the Russia of the pre-1917 era, knows that it is futile to try to change his views, so he does not try, tells what he has witnessed in the copper mines, and sees in the young man a heart that still discerns good and evil, still knows what aligns with these things. An influential acquaintance quietly rescinds the accusation. A superior intervenes on behalf of his wife. And Anna Isaeva, a prison guard, preserves the manuscript for years at personal risk, the sole reason we have the book. None of them refutes anything. They exist, they are free, and they take action. Truth reaches us through our freedom, and usually through somebody else’s freedom at that.

Nerzhin's beliefs alter prior to the changes in his thoughts. He refuses to denounce a fellow prisoner in a cart, who is a deserter. He is disturbed when he hears a man talk about having murdered another person during the civil war as if it were of no consequence. He is still oblivious to the process at work within himself.

Later, Solzhenitsyn knew. In “Acathistus,” the prison poem he quotes in full in The Gulag Archipelago, he admits that it was not his reason, will, or desire which illuminated the road's twists and turns. A “purpose-from-High” did, and it became clear to him only in retrospect. The poem concludes, “Though denied, you were always with me.”

Between these two poems is the space. In the first, he is part of a number. In the last, he is addressed and answers. Throughout, he was being sought for the young man who loved the Revolution, chased by circumstances he had not chosen: a queue for goods, the delay of a wife, the recollections of an old man, a guard who refuses to throw his pages away. He would not find a way out. People brought the Mystery in.

This left Nerzhin with the question he continually refused to hear. What is happening to me, and who is doing it?

Suggested links to deepen the article and the book.

Next
Next

Perceiving the Sacred