Perceiving the Sacred

Poet Joseph Fasano on perceiving the Sacred

Poet Joseph Fasano

“Humanity is the universe perceiving its own sacredness, and poetry is one way to exercise that capacity.”
— Poet Joseph Fasano
Joseph Fasano Perceiving the Sacred

Maurizio Capuzzo - Poet Joseph Fasano on surviving the age of AI, democratizing art without compromise, and the radical empathy needed to truly find each other.

Five collections, three novels, a book of prompts, and poems that travel far past the people who read poetry. In April he wrote that poetry became marginal in America because its poets turned away from the people. We asked him what turning back would look like.

We found him in April, on X. The post ran to four parts and it was not a poem; it was an argument, and a fiery one. Poetry became marginalized in the United States, he wrote, partly because our poets long ago felt understandably angry about being ignored by American culture, and took their unconscious vengeance by turning away from the people. We read it twice. Then we wrote to him, with the “i” missing from “interview” in the subject line, which is the sort of first impression you cannot take back. He answered anyway.

Joseph Fasano is forty-four. He studied philosophy at Harvard and took an MFA at Columbia, where he taught for nearly two decades before leaving to form his own Academy; he has published five collections of poems, two novels, and The Magic Words, a book of writing prompts for children. He won the Rattle Poetry Prize at twenty-six. He also has a four-year-old son, and halfway through this conversation a white-tailed deer walked across his backyard and he stopped to tell us about it. We talked about craft, the sacred, AI, his father, Whitman. He is the first American to appear in this section. Let’s begin.

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In April you wrote on X: “The practice of poetry has always been about understanding others, fathoming the human heart and its desires, the human mind and its structures, and a poet should focus on mastering his craft so that he can create what resonates with anyone—with everyone—who thirsts to be all of what she is.” How does poetry do that?

We live in a time of false dichotomies. In the world of poetry, some poets have turned their back on the people, resulting in an insular, academic kind of poetry, which really is very afraid to feel. On the other hand, we have a great deal of poetry, mostly online, that doesn’t care too much about craft. What I’m trying to do is find that great space that poetry has always occupied in cultures that truly value it. I believe the poet should become so adept at his craft that the craft becomes nearly invisible for average readers, in much the same way that such an audience could listen to a successful sonata, without knowing too much about the structure the artist has used, and still be moved by it very deeply. It’s the idea that we need to democratize art while not compromising its quality.

Those false dichotomies, here in America, are often simply the good and the evil, and everything else is lost. Why doesn’t poetry fall into that temptation?

There are two ways to look at the world: there is the “should,” and there is the “is.” You can look at the world and judge what something should be, or you can ask: regardless of what it should be, what is it? What’s interesting about poetry is that it leads with the “is.” However, if a poet can do the “is” clearly enough, depicting the drama of an event or situation, he can guide the reader toward their own “should.” I wrote a poem once called “Words Whispered to a Child Under Siege,” which came from my feelings as a father. I have a young son who’s only four, and I wanted to write about what I would possibly say to him if we didn’t have the immense privilege of living where we don’t have to worry about bombs falling on us. There’s no part in that poem where I say, “Isn’t this horrible, that the bombs are falling on people?” I simply go into the humanity of the situation and depict how it is for some people in this world, as humbly and clearly as I can. If a piece of writing can do that clearly, it allows the reader to step in and be the moral hero. It’s the reader who says: this should not be.

We live in dramatic times. Injustice, wars, and now AI, which if it becomes intelligent enough could destroy humanity. Does poetry heal?

It is healing insofar as it is instruction in empathy. We’re born with empathy, but we’re also born with muscles in our arms: if we don’t use them, they atrophy. Empathy needs to be exercised, and our institutions, especially in the Western world, don’t give us many opportunities to do that. Our system even makes a virtue out of curtailing our empathy: “Oh,” we hear, “he’s a great businessman, because he’s able to ignore his heart.” You are the first journalist I’ve spoken with about this[C1] , but I’m writing a book now that is not a book of poems. It’s a prose book about what we can really do as human beings to survive the advent of AI. One of the things I propose is that our fundamental gift as human beings is our ability to perceive things as “sacred”. And I don’t mean sacred in any strict religious sense: a person can touch his father’s baby shoes, for example, and feel in them something a computer cannot feel. I believe that humanity is the universe perceiving its own sacredness, and poetry is one way to exercise that capacity.

So the sacred is almost the door to our inner, true self. In “Instructions for Having a Soul” you write: “Read a book to a blind man, to your father.” Why does that matter so much?

What is the soul? I have a functional approach to it. If you spend your day without nourishing certain parts of yourself, you begin to feel empty. You begin to feel detached. We can argue all we want, like medieval philosophers, about whether the soul exists, but human beings a hundred thousand years ago knew nothing about what water is, and yet they knew that when they drank it they felt better. Maybe we just don’t know what the soul is, and we never will. We should give up a little on the game of trying to define it, and simply start nourishing it again.

In “Mahler in New York,” the poem that won you the Rattle Prize, you write that if you carry your father with you, it is the way a horse carries autumn in its mane. Who is the father for you today, or for your son?

I had my son somewhat later in life. I had him when I was forty, and I’m very grateful that I did, because I think I had a lot of growing up and changing to do. I don’t think there’s anything in my life that has made me wake up more than being a father. When a father looks at his son, he’s staring into the eyes of the future. Of course a father asks himself what kind of world he’s leaving for his child. And when I look at my child, I think about the ways all my theories—in education, in poetry—come back to this one command I live by, which is “be the whole human being, and help others do the same.” We so often forget to do that, and our culture has a vested interest in keeping us broken. We identify, for example, with our jobs, or with only the rational sides of ourselves, or with the parts of ourselves that are immediately “useful.” We’re taught to disregard, even to silence enormous parts of ourselves, parts that can feel mystery and wonder, parts that hear little scraps of poetry in the night, parts that truly know how to empathize and feel for others and love. When I look at my son, I think: here is this beautiful creature, this fresh gift of a person who was born, like all people, knowing something our society wishes him to forget. Why would I want any part of him to be silenced?

What gives a poet the right to imagine an experience of suffering that is not his own?

I’m going to reply with another question: what gives a poet the right not to imagine the suffering of others? We live in a time when a lot of ethical conversations begin in good faith and become corrupted by market forces. Writing a poem in the voice of somebody who is going through a suffering the poet hasn’t experienced could indeed be transgressive, if the poet doesn’t do it well. That of course leads to the question: what does it mean to do it well? Well, it’s quite like the Supreme Court’s definition of obscenity—you know it when you see it. And we’ve seen it done well so many times. I don’t think Shakespeare worried about whether he was allowed to imagine the inner world of his characters, except insofar as he worried about whether he was doing it well, with all the humanity he could muster. What we can’t do is let our conversations that begin in good faith cross over, ironically, into more oppression of our imagination, of our whole selves; that’s how an oppressive society quietly wins: by silencing us, by pitting artists against artists, by making us the oppressors of our own imaginations while we call that self-oppression a virtue. Consumerism creeps into our ethical conversations, and people start to say, unconsciously, “My pain is my product, and your pain is your product; stay in your lane, and I’ll stay in mine.” A poet has to use his imagination with great ethical awareness, but he has the enormous opportunity and obligation to imagine the reality of another human being. If we let those good-faith conversations about otherness turn into prohibitions against our imagination, then the great irony will be that there will be an authoritarianism within the world of art.

In “For a Student Who Used AI to Write a Paper” you ask what we are trying to be free of—"the living, the miraculous task of it”—and you end: “Love is for the ones who love the work.” What is that love?

Wonder and love are related insofar as both of them require and enjoy a state of openness. There are so many reasons to close down. We’re overstimulated, bombarded by so many things, tempted to shut ourselves away. To preserve our wonder, we need to unplug sometimes. We need to experience nature, to experience each other. Wonder is that state of being open. And love is an action. Love is the state of being open to listening to whoever is in front of you. In that poem you mentioned, I’m writing to a student who used AI to write a paper, and I try to begin with compassion: I know this life is hard now. When I say love is for the ones who love the work, I’m not talking about homework. I’m taking about a world in which we begin to take so many shortcuts that when, at last, we look into the eyes of someone in front of us, we think, catastrophically, “I don’t know how to do the work anymore.” And what is that work? It’s the work of listening, of being attentive, of holding each other’s complexities. Simone Weil once wrote, “The love of our neighbor in all its fullness simply beings meaning able to say to him, ‘What are you going through?”

I was in Italy once, in front of Mont Blanc, and I was in wonder—but that openness was created simply by standing there. Is wonder something the poet produces, or something he receives? And what is a poet’s relationship with hope?

Wonder, especially in our world, is a triumph. Many people have the misconception that the poet is born with the capacity to open his arms and blissfully look at the world, and everything is roses and puppy dogs and ice cream. In my experience, it’s the opposite. A poet is often—and I’ll speak about my own case—someone who has had every reason to close down, who has had traumas, horrible experiences, just like many people. But because of that, he feels a deep desire to experience the triumph of opening. My own struggles with profound difficulties have made for moments when I couldn’t stand in front of a mountain and feel wonder. Instead I felt tremendous fear, tremendous agony. If people experience in my poetry this ability to have wonder and to open up, it’s because I’ve worked for it. It’s my obligation toward my son to guide him into wonder. As for hope: there’s a poem by the late American poet Randall Jarrell called “90 North,” that being the location of the North Pole. On the surface it’s a poem about a middle-aged man who feels he has reached his peak, and that everything from here is a descent. At the end he has what I think are some of the darkest, seemingly most hopeless lines in poetry: “Pain comes from the darkness / And we call it wisdom. It is pain.” There is nothing hopeful in those lines, and yet when we read them—because the poet has put it into language, expressed it—we have a shiver of beauty, I would even say a shiver of hope. Even when the content seems hopeless, the act of putting it into language is the triumph; the form is the hope.

A horrible question, and I’ll ask it anyway. What is your favorite poem?

It’s almost impossible to decide. But right now, as I’m talking to you, the thing closest to my desk is Whitman’s work. And although Whitman is inimitable, and my goals and approaches are nothing like his, there’s something in “Song of Myself” that I love, and I’m not sure why it’s so often overlooked: that great poem begins with the word “I”—"I celebrate myself, and sing myself”—and all those lines later it ends with the word “you”: “I stop somewhere waiting for you.” Whitman is often seen as the great poet of selfhood, of being oneself. But he understands that the act of encountering himself is what will allow him to find the other, and that will allow the other to find him. That is the fundamental faith of lyric poetry: if I go deep enough into myself, I will find you. We’re sold a very cheap version of selfhood in our world today. As I sit here—what is this thing beside me called, an “i”-Phone?—I’m sold a version of myself that has everything to do with my  immediate gratification and nothing to do with a profound encounter with the otherness within me. That encounter would be dangerous to the status quo, and that is why we must go there, both in art and in life. That is our miraculous task, and something deep in our humanity knows exactly how to do it. Let’s let poetry remind us of that great truth: if we go deeper into ourselves, we can find each other.

We’re sold a very cheap version of selfhood…If we go deeper into ourselves, we can find each other.

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