Authority Embraces Life

An adult holds a young child’s hand while walking through an urban square in black and white.

A black-and-white photograph of an adult walking hand in hand with a young child through a public urban space. The gesture communicates protection, accompaniment, responsibility, and trust, reflecting the idea that authentic authority exists to welcome, nurture, and defend life.

Authority has to be, first of all, wholly bent on welcoming that richness, that beauty of life the Spirit brings about.
— Bishop Corrado Sanguineti
Fernando De Haro - Bishop Corrado Sanguineti Authority Must Be Entirely Focused on Embracing Life

Fernando De Haro - Monsignor Corrado Sanguineti : Authority must be entirely focused on embracing life.

Páginas Digital speaks with Monsignor Corrado Sanguineti, Bishop of Pavia, about the governance of movements in light of the Pope’s recent remarks. Sanguineti holds that authority, above all, must be wholly directed toward embracing the richness of life the Holy Spirit brings forth. The Bishop of Pavia thinks the electoral system for choosing leaders is sound—so long as it follows not political criteria but the aim of recognizing those who genuinely carry authority. Institutionalization is necessary, but it has to stay in harmony with the charism. The Church has not yet found the forms that, within canon law, can best serve the movements. Applying the structure of religious orders to them mechanically strikes him as forced. The legal element matters; but when it starts to matter too much, that is not a good sign.

Leo XIV, in his Address to the Moderators of Associations of the Faithful on May 21, 2026, said: “Governance … is never merely technical; on the contrary, it has within itself a salvific orientation, that is, it must be directed toward the spiritual good of the faithful.” In your view, how can this guidance from the Pope be upheld? The method by which a charism first arose is no different from the method of governing it: what secures the continuity between the birth of a charism and its governance?

This address, which Leo directed to the movements and their leaders and moderators, struck me deeply, because it lays out a notion of authority that is plainly not authoritarian. Authority does, yes, point the way—but above all it has an almost salvific purpose: to serve salvation as it happens. Salvation is not something I bring about; it comes through the initiative of Another. So authority has to be, first of all, wholly bent on welcoming that richness, that beauty of life the Spirit brings about. The image of a river, with its bed and its banks, always helps here. If a river has no banks it turns into a swamp, so the banks are necessary; and this holds for the Church as such—there is doctrine, there is discipline, there is tradition in the fullest sense, and it carries us along. But without water running through it, you would have a riverbed that is empty and dry. And I am not the one who supplies the water; the Lord supplies it. The water is the Spirit—His life, showing itself again and again.

In that same address the Pope also noted that authority must take care to welcome and listen to the different sensibilities that arise, while keeping its eyes on unity—a unity lived as a treasure, as a symphony. And this, it seems to me, has a great deal to do with Augustine’s own experience.

In what sense?

Because, from what I understand of Augustine and of the Augustinian Order, one of the things most stressed is the idea of Christian experience as an experience of friendship—Augustinian fraternity is a friendship. After all, Augustine—read his life, in the Confessions—never walked alone. He always lived friendship, even when he was, so to speak, groping in the dark; and he did it by seeking out friends. Even as a bishop he tried, in a sense, to keep a certain monastic dimension, living in community. That strikes me as a compelling model—not only for us bishops, of course, but for anyone who carries responsibility, including within a charismatic community.

A charism is first expressed through the person given it—the founder—who ordinarily gives rise, without meaning to, to something new. We see it plainly this year, in the centenary of St. Francis: he had no intention whatsoever of founding an order; something simply happened to him. His writings show it too. The charism then stays alive precisely because that event of the Spirit—the thing that powerfully sets the beginning in motion—keeps recurring in the same way: through something unpredictable that happens again and again. There is a fine text by Fr. Giussani from 1993, Something That Comes First, where he already stated that the method does not change: “The initial phenomenon … is destined to be the initial and original phenomenon of every moment of development. For there is no development if that initial impact is not repeated.” It is not that there is first an encounter in its gratuitousness and then a “putting the encounter in order.” The encounter that happened at the beginning has to keep repeating itself.

The beautiful thing is that in Christian experience the one who holds authority is someone who, from a certain angle, is—and should be—entirely intent on learning what he sees happening. He will offer guidance, but in that spirit. I remember that in my years as a priest, when I took part in the Spiritual Exercises of the CL Fraternity—Don Giussani was still alive—it always struck me that he essentially started from the letters people wrote him, and every so often he would say: “What I tell you, I learn from you, from what happens.” That is striking.

You yourself, in your homily for the twenty-first anniversary of Don Giussani’s death, said that “the primary duty of one who leads a Christian community is to recognize and point out those authoritative figures whom the Lord raises up—‘people and moments in people’—to be observed and followed, in whom the newness of Christ becomes most transparent.”

Yes, I am convinced of it, because above all it is the method I have watched at work: I saw it plainly in Giussani, but I see it too in my brother bishops. You look first of all to the Church entrusted to you, since the Church entrusted to me plainly existed before me and will go on after me. I serve her for the stretch of the road that has been asked of me. I am called, of course, to safeguard communion with Catholic tradition and with the Pope. When I made my pastoral visit, it was, yes, a matter of offering some guidance—but first of all on the basis of what I saw, letting myself be surprised by certain living things. And I think that matters enormously at every level of the Church’s life. In this sense the Pope too—though he has, so to speak, his own vantage point, his own judgment—strikes me as a man who wants above all to serve God’s work: a work carried within a continuity of tradition, life, teaching, and holiness, and yet a work that is also being renewed now.

Returning to that May 21, 2026 address, on the question of authority the Pope said: “Authority can never be imposed from above, but must be a gift recognized within the community and freely accepted; hence the importance of free elections to make it effective.” Authority as something recognized. The Pope stresses the capacity and the responsibility of everyone in a community to identify authority. How important do you think this kind of election is?

To me this offers a very interesting criterion. The Church, in some ways, was among the first institutions to use the electoral method—certainly in all the religious orders, but also at the highest level, since the Pope is elected by the cardinals. In the Church, though, an election should not rest on political criteria—factions, alliances, and so on—but should try to discern, grasp, and recognize which person among us, or which body, shows the marks of being the most authoritative. Authority ought to be the recognition of that authority.

Of course we know this has not always been how it went, even in the elections of the Supreme Pontiffs. The Lord perhaps permits, now and then, authorities who are not fully authoritative—but that is more a matter of testing, of purification. In itself it would be far more fitting for the one elected to possess authority, even without being perfect. At the level of the Popes, for instance—at least in recent centuries—the cardinal electors’ choice has fallen on men whose qualities of personality, background, and formation were read as the most fitting for that particular moment in the Church’s history. Then, naturally, every Pope brings his own limits and temperament along with him. And so I think this holds at every level: in religious communities as in movements, elections are a tool, and—like every tool—they have their limits; we know that well. They are also a tool that is hard to handle.

Why?

Because as long as the founder is alive, clearly he carries his own authority; but little by little, as time passes and we move further from the founder, it becomes plain that mediation is needed. One form of mediation—less precise, perhaps, but still valid—is an election. What matters is that the criterion guiding the election be exactly this: to seek out the figures who actually serve as authoritative points of reference within the community, and then choose them. Go about it that way and, in my view, you serve everyone’s good. I remember, when I became a bishop, Pope Francis telling the new bishops, among other things: “Look, the first criterion for being a good bishop is not wanting to become a bishop”—that is, no careerism, which seems right to me. And it holds at every level: it is a service asked of you—or that ought to be asked of you—on the strength of the experience you have lived and can offer. We know, of course, that there are—how to put it—limits and imperfections; but here the Pope offers a beautiful criterion, because he makes clear that this is not an authority imposed, nor one elected on a purely democratic basis, but rather a kind of pointing-out of authority. Which finally comes to this: the Spirit Himself indicates that person to us as the most suited to this moment. At least in principle, that is how it should go; it is no accident that in all the religious orders—and when the Pope is elected—we call on the Holy Spirit, because it is He who should point the person out to us.

Then comes the challenge—the great challenge—of institutionalization. We need a form of institutionalization that does not break with method or with presence.

On one side, it seems to me inevitable that over time a charismatic community grows somewhat institutionalized, because it is like a body that grows and therefore has to give itself structures. As in all such communities, a certain order began to take shape even while the founder was alive. The problem lies above all in how the institution is conceived and put into practice, so that it is genuinely built with coessentiality in mind. John Paul II, and later Benedict XVI, taught that institution and charism are coessential. That holds for the Church at large, but also for each movement and each charism: there has to be coessentiality between institution and charism. The institutional element must be there, then, but as closely tuned to the charism as possible—and so at its service. Some experiences have gone through adjustments, because plainly even the legal “framework” should fit the experience as closely as it can.

Could you say more?

There is a question that, in my view, stays open. Opus Dei has stressed it often of late, but it also concerned Monsignor Paul Josef Cordes and others; the canonist himself said that, set against the structures the current Code of Canon Law provides, movements are something of a special case—so we probably still have to find the right institutional form for them. I think, and hope, that some study will be given to this. Applying the structure of religious orders to movements mechanically seems forced to me. It will likely take time, but here too we need the flexibility to reassess, because on a closer look we may find the experience is a different one. I think of the members of Opus Dei: they began in a form Monsignor Escrivá did not at first see fitting within the secular institute; then came the Personal Prelature, which seemed the most suitable, and it has held, with some adjustments; now they too are in a season of rethinking. And I think it is clear that life comes before the institution.

For a long time I belonged, for instance, to the Fraternity of Communion and Liberation without having read the Statutes—I trusted a way of life, so they didn’t much interest me. So I would say the legal element matters, but when it comes to matter too much, that is not a good sign, and we have to find the right balance. Catholic experience has always been balanced, never an “either/or.” The institution is necessary, because a body must have structures; but a body with no life left in it becomes a skeleton. The solution here isn’t easy—I know that; the difficulty is that movements are, in any case, something new, new in their very nature.

Earlier you said unity should not be thought of as uniformity or standardization. In what sense?

The more alive an experience is, the more naturally the same charism speaks through the particular gifts of individual people. An example: when Fr. Giussani was still with us, there were some truly remarkable figures in the movement—I think of Fr. Francesco Ricci, Fr. Luigi Negri, Fr. Ciccio Ventorino, and then Fr. Julián Carrón came along… they were not clones of Fr. Giussani. They were completely themselves and completely his sons; and so it was very clear that they pointed not to themselves but to a story greater than themselves—one brought about by Don Giussani—each keeping his own personality. On this point Giussani was always deeply unwilling to compromise, very much a father: he calmly accepted that there might be some friction, some tension, because that belongs to life; but at bottom there was the desire to live, all the same, in full communion.

I think this applies to me as a bishop: my priests and I are not made “in my image,” thank God; every priest brings his own humanity, and of course his limits too. I must not “standardize” them all. And the same, I think, is clear in leading an experience like the Movement: whoever bears the final responsibility for guidance should recognize what is happening, including where the sensitive points are. Those points are alive not merely because they are more appealing, but precisely because of the intensity, the richness, the fruitfulness of the experience being lived. And you can spot them by accepting that the same event may be presented with somewhat different emphases.

This seems to me tied to something that greatly surprised me: the Pope has spoken—at least twice, as far as I know—of subsidiarity not as a principle of Social Doctrine but as one proper to movements. The address to the Legionaries of Christ, for example, speaks of subsidiarity within a movement, and the encyclical Magnifica Humanitas speaks of subsidiarity in the Church. What does the principle of subsidiarity mean for a movement?

Subsidiarity, as we know, is a basic principle of Social Doctrine: what a lower level can do should not be done by a higher one; at heart it is a principle that runs against statism, the notion that everything must be centralized. At the ecclesial level, within the Church’s institutional organization, it means making sure the structures are decentralized as well. There is the Holy See, of course, with the Dicasteries of the Roman Curia, working by the same logic: fostering and keeping up relations with the local Churches, supporting them, and so on.

And the same should hold within movements, where subsidiarity means there can be points of reference, initiatives, and a dynamism of life rising from the grassroots—even from people who hold no official role in the structure. After all, in the history of CL—and of other experiences too—new things have very often arisen without being planned “from above,” even the founding of a whole new reality. I remember the story of the Memores Domini well. Don Giussani himself had not foreseen the Adult Group; his original vision was already giving him plenty to handle. He yielded to the evidence of an initiative that came from some young adults who, following him, had taken the experience of belonging to Christ so deep that they arrived at this beautiful idea: to give their lives to Christ—wholly to Christ—while remaining laypeople and living their baptism to the full. He recognized in it a true insight, one he had not thought up himself.

How did you experience the Pope’s recent visit to Pavia?

It was a moment of great beauty, as I wrote too in the message I sent the diocese afterward. It struck me as a true Event—that is, something that, however much we prepared, thought it over, and imagined it, in the end held within itself something greater, something unpredictable, as it unfolded. I felt this above all in the way the Pope placed himself among us. Because beyond the very beautiful things he said in his two speeches, what struck me—and struck so many—was exactly the way he was right there among us. It was four hours—a short, very intense time—yet the Pope gave me the impression of being fully present in every moment, in every gesture.

You could really see—and he had told me as much—that his first concern was to meet people. When we came out of San Pietro in Ciel d’Oro, many people with disabilities and many sick were waiting for him; he greeted them one by one, right to the end, even taking time to answer plenty of simple questions and to bless everyone who asked.

It really felt to me as though I were reliving a little of what must have happened with Jesus as he walked the roads of Galilee: he was a Presence that people, above all, looked to. Then, riding with him in the Popemobile, watching people in the street ask him for a blessing and hold their children up to him, it was clear he was not just a famous figure. They saw something more in him. It was very evident: through him, Someone Else was present. You could truly see what we study in theology—that the Pope is the Vicar of Christ and the successor of Saint Peter. You could see it plainly in the experience itself. There were all kinds of people: many practicing believers, but non-believers too—and all of them were drawn to that Presence.

The other thing that struck me deeply was the atmosphere the Pope’s presence created in the city, in the community. Both in the run-up to the visit and on the day itself, I truly felt a festive, joyful air; it was as if the city were delighted by this encounter. We had been worried, for instance, about some small logistical matters—asking the bars and restaurants to clear all their outdoor seating for three days—but no one, absolutely no one, objected. It was as if everyone were glad to have him there, to host him; and that struck me, because it can’t be taken for granted, especially since Pavia, for all its Christian tradition, is modern and secularized like every city today. You’ve just been through this in Spain, perhaps in an even more striking way.

So for me, beyond the beautiful things he said and the gestures he made, it was first of all the happening of a Presence, of an Event.

Fernando De Haro

Fernando de Haro is a Spanish journalist, academic, and radio director at COPE. With degrees in journalism, law, and a PhD in information science, he's known for documentaries on Christian persecution. De Haro explores religion's role in society through his media work and publications, including a book on Don Giussani's life.

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