Nothing Less Than Him

Christianity, being a present Reality, has as its instrument of knowledge the evidence of an experience.
— Julián Carrón, after Giussani
Nothing Less than Him
Julian Carrón

Julian Carrón - A dialogue among friends in Bari.

CE

Good morning, Julián, and happy belated birthday.

Carrón

Thank you.

CE

Our “de facto” fraternity (*) continues on its journey—this time in Bari. From the very first evening, when we opened with Laura’s testimony about the death of her husband Alfredo, something immediately became clear: when something like that happens to someone, it reawakens the human in everyone around them. We are no longer spectators; it is as if we witness the community being reborn before our eyes. And the theme that surfaced at once was exactly the one at the beginning of At the Origin of the Christian Claim: that, so Christ does not become “a mere name,” nothing is more important than becoming aware of ourselves.

I want to begin with something that has struck me personally and that we keep rediscovering: the most interesting thing for understanding Christ is to recognize Him as a Fact—something that occurs as A Presence, as An Event in the fullest sense. As the text puts it, this is a genuine change of method. And yet—and this is a source of real unease—even to stand before this Fact, I must be fully present. My presence does not dissolve because The Event is happening; on the contrary, it is required. Giussani writes: “That a man has said ‘I am God’ and that this is reported as a present fact is something that powerfully demands a personal stance.” He even calls it a you must—a decision. My sense is that this Fact of Christ can emerge, and can be perceived by me, only insofar as it moves me. My ‘I’ is implicated in it. If the two remained separate—The Event over there, my self closed off in its anxieties over here—the Fact would slip past me unnoticed. I want to understand what it means, for you, that the whole self must be present before this Fact.

Carrón

Yes. And this is precisely why I have always been enthusiastic about the decision, in the new edition of At the Origin of the Christian Claim, to place that opening paragraph first—as the threshold of the entire text. The method is given to us there. Without it, we could work through the School of Community and accumulate theological insight, but only add a few more notions to the end of our journey. The real test of everything Giussani proposes in that first paragraph is this: at the end of our work on the text, has Jesus ceased to be “a mere name”? I am not interested in whether we have learned more about Him if He remains distant, abstract—a name and nothing more.

This is the whole reason Giussani began. Back in the 1950s, the young people he met at the Berchet knew all the answers. They could recite the catechism. But they had not felt any of it. By the time Giussani arrived, the vast majority had already walked away—despite years of baptism, confirmation, catechesis, and oratory life. He begins by saying he has come to propose a method so they can verify the relevance of faith to the demands of life. Not so they can repeat what he says, but so they can verify it.

We cannot leave that episode behind as mere historical anecdote, the starting point of a story that eventually reached us. The entire drama of our movement—and of this present moment—is already contained there. If participating in a reality like ours does not show us, ever more clearly, the relevance of faith to the demands of life, we will know it by the fact that we can no longer breathe, that we are suffocating inside our circumstances.

As I have said before, it is like the verification Giussani describes in the tenth chapter of The Religious Sense. The test is not whether you can repeat every passage of that chapter. There is only one test: whether, at the end of the work he proposes there, you can enter “any situation of existence with a profound tranquility, with a possibility of joy.” That is, whether “I am ‘you-who-make-me’”—which is a given, meaning I am given—has truly become mine. Not because I repeat it formally, but because I actually move through any situation with that tranquility and that possibility of joy.

Without this verification, “I am ‘you-who-make-me’” remains an abstraction. You can say it with great conviction—but conviction is tested by verification. This is how Giussani keeps us from slipping into abstraction: he returns to the method at the very beginning of the text. Note well: if this work does not produce self-awareness, if it does not bring forth The I, then Jesus will remain—despite our knowing more about Him—“a mere name.”

Where do we see that it has happened otherwise? In the experience we live. This is the substantive test of the reversal of method: there is only one element that shows it has occurred as A Fact, and that is that it takes over the whole self. This is what happens constantly in the Gospel, and with the simplest directness: from the very first moment, from the first encounter, Andrew and John returned changed. The very way they said “I” had been entirely transformed by that Presence. Giussani dares to describe how Andrew returned—visible even in the different way he embraced his wife. And then they communicate to everyone they meet the significance of what happened: “We have met the one our hearts were waiting for—the Messiah.” What did encountering that Presence do? We know An Event is real insofar as it moves me. Otherwise, we can speak of a reversal of method, but ultimately we are dealing with our own thoughts—our own abstractions. As Giussani says in Generating Traces, The Event, even after it has happened, can be absorbed back into ideology, into an abstract universal.

It always strikes me when young people tell me about events but add—as one of them put it two years ago—“Prof, in me everything goes to zero.” The same can happen to us. And how do we see it? Because The Event does not affect our lives. It does not make us face everyday things with a different perspective. It does not move us.

For me, this is the clearest sign of the reversal of method. We must be very careful here: we think The Fact has happened within us simply because we repeat certain formulas—we say “reversal of method” and think we are set. We are not set at all. We are set only when we see it in experience: when we see freedom, a new way of looking at ourselves and at reality, a different way of entering any circumstance—a real before and after, as with John and Andrew. This does not mean we will never make mistakes. As I said at the Lenten gathering in Oropa, we are not told that the Samaritan woman left her husband or that Zacchaeus gave everything away—only that they could not avoid this recognition, which will then, over time, bear fruit. Faith is this recognition. And the proof that it has happened is the new knowledge: the way I move forward from it.

We start from something genuinely experienced. Think of falling in love: you see what happens to a person when a real Presence overwhelms them and awakens in them a way of being in reality entirely enveloped by that Presence. It is not moralism. One cannot avoid waking up overwhelmed. One cannot ride the tram, cannot sit in traffic, without remembering, without feeling the longing for that Presence. Nothing can happen—good or bad—without the urgent need to share it. You know it is real because it permeates life in its details, even the smallest things, in everything—as Giussani says, quoting Guardini: “In the experience of a great love, everything that happens becomes an event within its sphere.”

This is decisive for me: as soon as Christ enters, everything changes. Reality changes. The way of being with oneself changes. It dispels the fog; everything is seen with crystalline clarity; one is no longer confused. It is as if something has happened that enables one to see. A new knowledge. But this new knowledge, as Giussani explains so powerfully in Generating Traces, is possible only through the contemporaneity of Christ. The Fact cannot be a devout memory. We do not deny that Christ became flesh or rose—but this is not enough. It was not enough for all those who had heard it said for years and still walked away by the time Giussani arrived at the Berchet.

How does one explain it? It cannot be explained. How do you explain what it means to fall in love? Either one participates in An Event and then understands, or one does not understand—and no explanation can convey the vibration and intensity of what is happening. I know it when His Presence appears in my life. This is why I never tire of repeating that compact phrase of Giussani: “Christianity, being a present Reality, has as its instrument of knowledge the evidence of an experience.” If it is not an experience that makes me rest, if it is not an experience that makes me feel tenderness toward myself, if it does not transform worry into peace, if it does not allow me to look at the other as someone determined by this Presence—then the Presence is not Presence. It is not A Fact.

Therefore, if we do not overcome this dualism, we can go on speaking of a reversal of method, but we will continue making only “religious” attempts. Sincere ones, certainly. But nothing to do with Christian reality. This is why, when the text says that one who encounters this reality “must” take a stance toward it, the “you must” has nothing to do with moralism. If you fall in love—whether you like it or not—you are caught up in it. You cannot get it out of your head. As soon as you wake up, you cannot help but deal with it. You can throw it in the trash or try to distract yourself, but “you must”—not out of obligation, not “so as not to go to hell.” No. “I must” means something has happened to me that I cannot avoid dealing with. What Giussani says has nothing to do with moralism. It has to do with something so overwhelming, so fitting, so decisive for the person, that one cannot avoid deciding. Each person must see how this happens in their own life. Faith is a recognition. It is not a form of reasoning about life.

 

Questions and Answers

CE

Let’s open to questions.

Comment

I want to ask something that, on the surface, seems to have nothing to do with the School of Community. But I think it does. We have been living for some years now in something like a tsunami—existential, political, religious, within the movement itself. The old certainties have been overturned. And in this situation, what immediately emerged, as Sciascia put it, was who is a half-man, who is a little man, who is nobody. But the men also emerged—and what I have noticed, as never before, is that real men are those who, in the face of these upheavals, did not shrink back in fear or become dwarfs. They displayed a giant’s nature. They became more authentic, more conscious, more free. Most striking of all: they became a kind of living paradox. They possess an acute awareness of the tragedy we live in at every level, and yet they are joyful. This stops me in my tracks—in the best possible way. Since you are one of these men—perhaps the foremost among them—I want to ask: how does one navigate all of it, the entire storm, without glossing over anything, and remain ever more true to oneself, with ever greater clarity about the overwhelming reality we inhabit, and yet stay joyful, free, and real? This upheaval occurs not only in international affairs but in every sphere. And yet, aware of this dramatic reality, certain people are free to the very core. I ask you this because I glimpse in your answer a hope for myself.

Carrón

Thank you. It is precisely the situation you describe that helps us understand more clearly who we are and the nature of the Fact we are discussing. You say this situation has brought humanity to the fore. For me, that is one of the most indisputable facts of the cultural and social moment we are living through. What emerges—before our eyes and everyone’s eyes—is our own irreducibility. When upheavals like this occur, what amazes me is that they could annihilate the person. Instead, they bring forth an irreducibility. I always recall, at moments like this, the beginning of the tenth chapter of The Religious Sense: one who has been spared the toil of living—spared the tsunami, the storms—will not become aware of themselves, will not perceive the vibration of their own reason. Then, as you can see, there are those who, faced with a situation like this, do not shrink back because their indomitable spirit emerges. They might look the other way, might “put it in a closet” because it disturbs them. But the more life challenges us, the more questions emerge, the more The Drama emerges—and the more our whole self emerges. Not because we are good, but because reality is so challenging that it brings it out.

Why is it that some shrink back while others are more authentic, freer, more conscious—so much so that they do not back down? Faced with a storm, one can hide and try to avoid it, or tell oneself: “But after all, this didn’t happen” or “Let’s not exaggerate—everything’s fine.” But in this way, by not accepting the challenge of reality, the person does not become any freer, truer, or more conscious. They become less and less themselves. We see their humanity fading.

This does not depend on whether some great event brought out their indomitability—because that is not in man’s control. It always amazes me, reading the Gospel, that so many were amazed: when Jesus went to Nazareth, the Gospel says many were astonished by the miracles and the teaching. In that initial moment, not even those who opposed Him had the power to avoid their own amazement. It is like a man walking down the street who comes face to face with a beautiful face: he cannot avoid the jolt. Just as one cannot avoid the jolt of the beauty of the mountains, or the emotion stirred by another’s gratuitous gesture. And yet this surprise does not prevent one, a moment later, from saying—as happened in Nazareth—“But isn’t this the carpenter’s son? Where does this teaching come from?” In an instant, the wonder is erased, and total openness to reality closes again. Why? Because we are free.

What amazes me most is this: The Mystery could have used all of that—could have told us, “Now I have you; your wonder is such that you must go along with it.” Instead, that is not what happens. The Gospel of Matthew goes on to say that Jesus was amazed at their unbelief. Not even wonder—which is, so to speak, the last crack that always remains open, the one we cannot manufacture, that keeps a dialogue with The Mystery alive—not even wonder is used by The Mystery to trick us. It amazes you, and then leaves you complete freedom to go along with it or not. Like falling in love: you cannot help but feel all the affection or passion, but then you can still say no.

I will always remember the scene from Elsa Morante’s La Storia: the SS officer who, a moment before being led to the gallows, catches sight of a small flower on the wall and, overcome with wonder, says—and there is no passage in all of literature more powerful on this point—“If I could go back and stop time, I would be quick to spend my entire life in the adoration of that little flower.” But then, a moment later, as if splitting in two, he cries out to himself: “No! I won’t fall for it again—not those tricks!” He could not hold onto the wonder. This is the respect, the passion, the love of The Mystery for our freedom. I find nothing more overwhelming than this passion for our freedom—which does not even use wonder to trap us. When one allows oneself to be struck and goes along with wonder—whatever the circumstance, even the greatest storm, even the scaffold—one cannot avoid the joy of being overwhelmed by it, cannot avoid the desire to spend one’s life adoring it. And a moment later, one can still call it a day.

You ask how one gets through it all—the entire storm—without pretense. It is simple. Giussani always summed it up, to everyone’s surprise: “I have this ‘yes’ and that’s it, and it wouldn’t cost you a single penny more than it costs me.” Because it is not a matter of mastery, not of willpower, not of performance, not of consistency. It is a matter of simplicity. What we are living through is a particularly clarifying moment to see where we actually are on the journey. There are no saints here, no shortcuts to seek—simply, one stands before this moment of wonder, because the entire storm of the universe cannot prevent wonder, cannot prevent the imposition of A Fact. It is not in our hands to erase the Fact from history. “I am with you always, even to the end of the age.” It may be obscured at times; one may be distracted or busy with other things. But An Event does not ask our permission to knock on the door. And that is where all freedom is at stake—exactly as in the first moment.

There is no difference between the initial moment of encounter and all the subsequent times it occurs again. Because, if it did not occur again, it would not be the Christian Event, and we would be left to our own inability. We would have no chance. But the point is: it is not we who make the Christian Event happen again. Relax. It is He who claims to remain with us “every day, until the end of the world.” And we know this is so. To question it, we would have to erase our own lives—erase from them the events that have happened to us and continue to happen. And even if we denied it, we could not erase it. So it’s simple: we are not called to a task beyond our strength. This “yes” is all that is needed, and it is enough.

When someone objected to Giussani—“We understand everything just as you do, but deep down you are better than us”—he replied that, in reality, they had not understood. He had nothing more than they had: “I have this ‘yes,’ and that is enough.” As Jesus says, only the simplicity of a child is required. Whoever is not a child will not be able to enter the Kingdom of Heaven, will not be able to share in the newness that the Christian Event brings to life. Everyone stands before this when it happens. We cannot produce it ourselves. But since this Event occurs continually, according to the ways in which The Mystery reaches us, everyone can see what is happening and how they respond. Nothing can block the Christian Event. Nothing can block the simplicity of a simple person.

Let us try not to keep complaining about the situation, because no one and no storm in the universe can prevent it from happening. Then, each person can document it according to the way it happens within them. It does not have to be the same for everyone, at the same time, in the same way. But each person must see whether this happens again within themselves, before them. For this reason, it seems to me that this is a truly decisive moment to verify whether Christ is Christ—to overcome dualism, to see that He is not “a mere name.” If He seems like one, it is not because He is one—He will never become one; it is against His nature—but because we can treat Him as one when we do not follow Him. Even so, it is not in our power to reduce Him.

Contribution

I want to share something that happened in my small Fraternity group recently, precisely regarding this. A friend spoke up and described the serious situation of her daughter, who has been very ill for a long time—twenty years old now. For twenty years, this woman and her husband have been fighting, doing everything possible to help her. At a certain point she said: “I can’t take it anymore. It’s just the three of us—me, my husband, and my daughter—and I’ve reached my limit. I’m telling you this because I don’t care about anything we say or do here, let alone your concerns about how the movement is or isn’t going. None of this helps me.” Our first instinct was to say, “Okay, then we’ll organize ourselves to help you practically.” But increasingly, as we thought it through, we realized she needed exactly what you just described—the recognition of what makes life worth living, for her and for us. The only thing we could truly offer is, yes, to meet with her and make available the skills among us, but above all to support her and her husband in facing this.

Carrón

The first thing you must do is live in front of her.

Intervention

Exactly.

Carrón

The only help appropriate to that drama is to live. I remember—perhaps I’ve told you this before—a mother who told me about her eight-year-old daughter who, after returning home from a wonderful summer, kept crying. Tired of the situation and unable at that moment to give her daughter the attention she perhaps needed, the mother finally said: “All right, let’s watch a movie this afternoon.” And the girl, eight years old, replied: “Mom, do you think this will solve the problem? As soon as the movie ends, I’ll start crying again.” If we do not recognize this, children will throw our inability to understand them right in our faces.

What can we offer to respond to the deep distress that woman is living? We can bear witness before her that, in this historical moment, in any situation, life is possible. What can those parents do for their daughter? Live. And what can we do to help the parents? Live in front of them. Because if they do not perceive this, the daughter will not have someone to look to in whom she can see an answer to her question. We cannot anticipate it for her as an explanation—we must not mistake A Fact for an explanation. The father of the prodigal son cannot spare him the risk of verification. So what should we do? Live—and wait for the moment when the other person can discover for themselves whether what they see before them is adequate to the drama of life.

But what an awareness we must have in order to show, through the way we speak of things and live them, the newness that Christ introduces into life. Otherwise, it will be very difficult for us to offer a contribution that is actually relevant to the other person’s need.

Thank you, everyone.

CE

Thank you.

(*) The Fraternity of Communion and Liberation is an international Catholic lay movement, founded by Fr. Luigi Giussani in 1954, dedicated to educating people in the Christian faith as a living encounter with Christ relevant to contemporary life.

1 L. Giussani, At the Origin of the Christian Claim, Volume Two of the PerCorso, Rizzoli, Milan 2025, p. 3: “It would not be possible to fully grasp what Jesus Christ means unless one first fully grasps the nature of that dynamism that makes man human. For Christ presents himself as the answer to what “I” am, and only a careful, tender, and passionate awareness of myself can open me up and dispose me to recognize, admire, thank, and live Christ. Without this awareness, even the name of Jesus Christ becomes a mere name.”

2 L. Giussani, At the Origin of the Christian Claim, op. cit., p. 40.

3 In the first edition of the text, published by Jaca Book (Milan 1988), the paragraph cited above in note 1 was not present as the opening paragraph of the Introduction.

3 L. Giussani, The Religious Sense, Volume One of the PerCorso, Rizzoli, Milan 2023, p. 148: “True self-awareness is well represented by a child in the arms of its father and mother, so that it can enter any situation of existence with profound tranquility, with the possibility of joy.”

3 Ibid., p. 146.

6 Cf. Jn 1:41.

7 L. Giussani, S. Alberto, J. Prades, Generating Traces in the History of the World, Rizzoli, Milan 2019, pp. 90–91.

8 J. Carrón, “Can a cultured man, a European of our day, believe—truly believe—in the divinity of the Son of God, Jesus Christ?”, February 20, 2026, Sanctuary of Oropa (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5X89n2WNsfI).  9 R. Guardini, The Essence of Christianity, Morcelliana, Brescia 1980, p. 12.

10 L. Giussani, S. Alberto, J. Prades, Generating Traces in the History of the World, op. cit., p. 91.

11 L. Giussani, Event of Freedom, Marietti 1820, Genoa 2002, p. 190.

12 Cf. L. Giussani. At the Origin of the Christian Claim, op. cit., p. 39.

13 L. Giussani, The Religious Sense, op. cit., p. 139: “An individual who has experienced little impact from reality—because, for example, he has had very little effort to make—will have a weak sense of his own conscience and will perceive less of the energy and vibration of his reason.”

14 Cf. M15 Cf. Mt 13:58.

t 13:54–55.

16 E. Morante, La Storia, Einaudi, Turin 1974, pp. 604–605.

17 L. Giussani, The Attraction of Jesus, “Quasi Tischreden,” vol. 3, Rizzoli, Milan 2025, p. 204.

18 Cf. Mt 28:20.

19 L. Giussani, The Attraction of Jesus, op. cit., p. 204.

20 Cf. Mt 18:3.

21 Augustine, Confessions, XIII, 8.9.

22 Augustine, Confessions, X, 27.38.

23 L. Giussani, An Event of Life That Is a Story, ed. by C. Di Martino, Editoriale Italiana - Il Sabato, Rome 1993.

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