The Growth of Affection for Christ

If the affection among us does not generate affection for Christ, nothingness will win.
— Julián Carrón
The growth of affection for Christ
Julián Carrón

Julián Carrón - Christ alone answers the urgent cry of hearts fading in apathy and meaninglessness.

Notes from Julián Carrón’s meditations at the 2021 Easter Triduum for University Students.

HOLY THURSDAY, APRIL 1, 2021

SONGS: “IN THE MORNING/ Al Mattino” / “La ballata dell'uomo vecchio/BALLAD OF THE OLD MAN

Every morning the drama of living begins again. “In the morning, Lord, in the morning / my jar is empty at the spring” — empty, that is, and at the same time entirely full of desire, a wrenching desire for fulfillment, just like each of us today.

That desire collides head-on with an experience that won’t be ignored: “The sadness within me, the love that is not there / are a thousand centuries old.” I heard exactly this from a group of high school seniors I spoke with last week. They said: “My life is slowly fading away”; “My early enthusiasm has worn off — I can’t find the drive I used to have”; “I’m completely apathetic. Nothing moves me, nothing attracts me”; “I can’t seem to enjoy anything. The interest is there, but it never outweighs the exhaustion.” These kids aren’t even twenty, yet they’ve already engaged in a hand-to-hand battle with nothingness.

What we see unfolding in experience makes one thing clear: the self — our self — is the crossroads between being and nothingness. Literary geniuses have described this dilemma with haunting power. “The reward for having suffered so much is that you die like a dog,” Pavese observed. On the other side of that ledger, Ada Negri wrote: “There is no moment / that does not weigh upon us with the power / of the centuries; and life holds in every heartbeat / the tremendous measure of eternity.”

Whether we like it or not, the choice between these two possibilities enters our days while we’re still under the covers, the moment we open our eyes. More or less consciously, every morning each of us makes a decision: to die like a dog, or to live according to the measure of the eternal. Those who refuse to die like a dog find themselves grappling with the questions that explode within them — as those seniors showed me. Their urgency becomes a cry: “What can actually destroy boredom and apathy and make me start living again?”; “How do I enjoy studying even when exhaustion crowds out interest?”; “How can I keep my heart open when everything is a grind?” Their battle — and ours — is a struggle for a desire for life that nothing can erase from the very fibers of our being.

The problem, then, is not to multiply words or resolutions. The problem is whether there is anything capable of redeeming us from the nothingness that has invaded our lives. What can actually beat apathy, disinterest, sadness, the slow fading of the will to live — in a single word, death? Thoughts and talk are powerless. Only life can stand up to the nothingness seeping through our days and to the temptation of surrender. But be careful: “life” can become an empty word. We will not get out of this by repeating formulas.

Ask yourself honestly: where have you seen life bloom at full intensity? When have you actually encountered it? Pause and look at what has happened to you. What awakened life in you? Who planted in you the seed of a different, exhilarating life? This is what each of us is called to identify. We need to recognize what has challenged — and what still challenges — the nothingness in us, today. I invite you, at the start of these days, to ask honestly whether and when life has burst forth in you. We all have enough experience to know that any effort of our own is ultimately powerless to generate a life capable of standing against death. And confirming this: especially today, logical arguments move no one, and neither do exhortations.

What discourse, however true, or moral appeal, however just, has the power to reach the core of The I — defeating the void of meaning into which we slip so easily, so often without even noticing?

For two thousand years, a proclamation has resounded: God sent his Son into the world to challenge nothingness.

How? Péguy — who has long been the companion of our Holy Week — put it as well as anyone ever has: Jesus “did not waste his years lamenting and challenging the wickedness of the times. He cut straight through. In a very simple way. By living Christianity. He did not set out to indict or accuse anyone. He saved. He did not indict the world. He saved the world.” How did he save? How did he defeat nothingness? With life. “I came that they may have life, and have it abundantly” (Jn 10:10). “Whoever has the Son has life; whoever does not have the Son of God does not have life” (1 Jn 5:12). No one had ever dared to challenge nothingness with the sheer superabundance of a life — not in the abstract, not with arguments, not with wishes, but on the concrete terrain of human experience. In doing so, Christ showed that he knew the bottomless longing of the human heart better than anyone. His own words give evidence: “What good is it for someone to gain the whole world, yet forfeit their own soul? Or what can anyone give in exchange for their soul?” (Mt 16:26).

Christ knew the depth of our desire and the abyss of our weakness — our tendency to sink into emptiness, to turn against ourselves. And he knew just as well that words alone would never be enough to challenge that emptiness or satisfy the urgency of desire. Only an abundance of life could attract a human being and persuade him not to surrender to nothingness. This is what He came to bring: the content of His offer. Think of the Samaritan woman at the well. No one had ever managed to recognize her unbounded thirst, which all her attempts had failed to quench. No one had ever dared to affirm the full scale of her desire or promise its satisfaction: “Whoever drinks the water I give them will never thirst again” (Jn 4:14).

The proposal Christ makes to us is so far beyond what we could imagine that He himself has given us the criterion for verifying its truth in our own experience: “Whoever follows me will receive a hundredfold” (cf. Mt 19:29) — will see life burst forth a hundredfold, and will discover a hundred times more humanity in facing the trials ahead. Nothingness loses all its force the moment “Life” appears on the horizon. Recognizing His presence is easy: when He enters our experience, He stirs a Correspondence to the heart that had seemed impossible. It happened to John and Andrew: the moment they encountered Him, they experienced an unparalleled Correspondence and could not let go. It is simple to recognize Him, today as at the beginning.

Since then, life has had a name: Christ. “Christ is the life of my life. In Him is everything I would want, everything I seek,” Giussani said. But how does this life that Christ came to bring actually reach us? It reaches us through the grace given to one man — Fr. Giussani — through his “surge of life,” his “fever of life.” That is the charism: a surge of life, given to one for all of us today. “I feel myself to be the bearer of a surge of life and, therefore, rightly, of a charism. Everything it stirs up is a wonder even greater than the beginning itself.” This is what won me over when I encountered the movement, just as it has won you.

The movement is “an Event, not an organization — you are the one at stake.” You and I are the ones at stake. The movement exists to “mobilize life and convert it” — which means identifying with an experience, with a reality, with a living person. Everything else is sentimentality and intimism. If such an experience of life does not grow, nothing will convince us, and belonging to the movement will become belonging to an association. What interest could that possibly have for us, in the face of the challenge of nothingness?

In these times, we have often reminded ourselves that in a society like ours, “nothing new can be created except through life: no structure, no organization, no initiative will hold. It is only a different and new life that can revolutionize structures, initiatives, relationships — in short, everything.” A different and new life: when we belong to it, it is reborn in us and communicates itself. In a university courtyard, a student overhears two classmates talking, grows curious, stops, listens, and approaches them: “Excuse me — I’m only interrupting because I heard you talking about philosophy, and I’ve never heard philosophy discussed this way. It was so alive.” Only life draws a person like that — even a passerby who barely grazes the hem of a conversation. One of you was warmly urged by a far-left political rival to run for office. “Why do you want me to run?” “Because of the friendship you know how to build with everyone.” A life. The same quality of life was witnessed by a Chilean doctor I met this past weekend — a woman who convinced a Romani mother to let her daughter be treated. That mother was so struck that at the next appointment she brought her whole community. A life. Even people who normally remain closed within their own world could not resist.

What leads people to open up this way? None of these things would have happened — none could even be imagined — if there were not a place, a company established by God, where words are not empty but full of life and enthusiasm sufficient to attract us and others. The struggle we will enter during these days, then, is the struggle between nothingness and Christ. Every morning we decide for one or the other: for Christ, who lays down his life for us — “No one has greater love than this: to lay down one’s life for one’s friends” (Jn 15:13) — or for nothingness. And note carefully: Christ is a Presence now. What we commemorate on Holy Thursday is not a memory of the past, not a nostalgia trip — it would be that, if “Life” did not reach us in the present. Only because Christ reaches us and draws us now can he generate that affection which frees us from being tossed back and forth.

“A moment has come,” Giussani said, “in which the affection among us has a specific weight immediately greater than dogmatic clarity, the intensity of a theological thought, or the energy of leadership. The affection we must carry for each other has but one comparison, one urgency: prayer, affection for Christ.” If the affection among us does not generate affection for Christ, nothingness will win. We may still be together, but we will be tossed here and there — like a stone swept away by the current. This is why Giussani continued: “The moment has come when the movement — that is, life — moves forward exclusively by the affection for Christ that each of us has, that each of us asks the Spirit to grant us.”

Let us ask the Spirit for this affection for Christ, moment by moment, all morning long, following the gesture through which Fr. Giussani draws us into the drama of the choice between Christ and nothingness.

Do not let us, Christ, detach ourselves from you.

“Listen to me, stay here a little longer,

repeat your word to me once more.

Repeat the word you once spoke to me

and which set me free.”

GOOD FRIDAY, APRIL 2, 2021

SONGS: “Il monologo di Giuda/JUDAS’ MONOLOGUE” / “Non son sincera /I AM NOT SINCERE

“It was not for the thirty pieces of silver, / but for the hope / he, that day, / had kindled in me.” These words capture the shape of the drama we will enter this morning. There would have been no drama at all if Christ had not awakened hope in Judas. But this is the drama that unfolds between Christ and each one of us. What exactly does it consist of?

Yesterday we saw that Christ came to bring us the life that snatches us from nothingness, from fading, from loss of interest, from apathy, from death. Today we witness the struggle unfolding at that crossroads between being and nothingness that is our self — the struggle against Christ, to tear Christ from the land of the living. “Come, let us tear him from the land of the living!” The secular power (Pilate) and the clerical power (the high priest) found themselves united in this campaign. Péguy’s genius was to identify the real site of the battle: not the chambers of power, but our self — the self of every human being.

Both powers try to tear Him from the land of the living because His saving Presence threatens their grip. But the struggle that plays out on history’s grand stage reflects another struggle taking place in a more interior theater: the self of Peter and the self of Judas. The established power is not the only thing that resists. We resist too — influenced, often without knowing it, by the dominant cultural mentality — when the One we have recognized as corresponding to the heart’s deepest longings begins to exceed our own measure. Not reason in its original sense, as an openness to the whole of reality — that kind of reason blossomed in us precisely through the hope He kindled. What resists is reason shrunk to a standard, to our own frameworks. The struggle is between Peter’s measure and the boundless standard of the One who has captivated his life from the beginning.

From their first encounter, Christ filled Peter’s whole soul. With His Presence in his eyes, in the constant memory of Him, Peter “looked at his wife and children, his coworkers, friends and strangers, individuals and crowds, and he thought and fell asleep. That Man had become for him like a great, immense revelation not yet fully understood.” That would be Peter’s struggle. Day after day, standing beside Him, Peter saw his entire life challenged by a measure that was not his own.

That Presence exceeded him on every side. When Peter opened himself to it, his reason was carried to its apex. Jesus drew his friend beyond his own measure — generated him into another measure. At Caesarea Philippi, Jesus asked the disciples who people said he was. When he turned the question on them, Peter answered: “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.” Jesus replied: “Blessed are you, Simon son of Jonah, for flesh and blood has not revealed this to you, but my Father in heaven.” This recognition — which is called faith — “blooms at the very edge of rational dynamics like a flower of grace, to which man adheres with his freedom.”

But when his own measure prevailed, Peter went badly wrong. Almost immediately after that confession, when Jesus began speaking of his coming suffering and death, Peter reacted: “God forbid!” Jesus, his great Friend, did not back down an inch: “Get behind me, Satan! You are a stumbling block to me — you are thinking in terms of human standards, not God’s.” (Mt 16:21–23). That is what true friendship looks like. Everything else is just talk.

Jesus challenged Peter’s measure constantly. When many disciples walked away after the Bread of Life discourse — “This teaching is hard; who can accept it?” — Jesus pressed even the Twelve: “Do you also want to leave?” Simon Peter answered: “Lord, to whom would we go? You have the words of eternal life, and we have believed and come to know that you are the Holy One of God.” Peter did not cling to Jesus because he understood everything. He clung because of that unique Correspondence — the proven resonance in the heart — that let him follow even when he did not yet understand.

We saw the same pattern in the washing of the feet. Jesus rose from table, tied a towel around his waist, and began washing the disciples’ feet. When he came to Peter, Peter protested: “You will never wash my feet!” Jesus raised the stakes: “Unless I wash you, you have no part with me.” Peter surrendered at once: “Then not just my feet, but my hands and my head as well.” What turned him around so suddenly? Only his affection for Christ.

When the soldiers came for Jesus in the garden, Peter drew his sword and struck the high priest’s servant. His love for Christ was stronger than his judgment. But even then Jesus did not yield to passion untethered from reason: “Put your sword away. Shall I not drink the cup the Father has given me?” Peter could not remain closed within his own measure, because the Presence that had entered his life had stirred in him a total Correspondence to the demands of the heart. It had infused every corner of his days with such an unprecedented fullness that it expanded his reason, making Peter more fully himself. To break from Jesus, he would have had to deny himself — to negate everything he had lived. He accepted another measure: the measure of Another.

Jesus could offer Peter this other measure because He himself had first gone through the whole drama that Peter would have to face. Even Jesus did not immediately grasp what was coming; in Gethsemane he said: “Father, if it is possible, take this cup from me; yet not what I will, but what you will.” In saying this, was Jesus renouncing his own will, or opening it to a greater design? As von Balthasar writes, the Son’s unshakable trust in the Father — maintained by the Holy Spirit even through the transformation of separation into abandonment, even through “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?” — is a trust from which every disposition of the Father will always spring from love; and to which the Son, having become man, must respond with human obedience. Here lies the root of Christ’s victory over nothingness: the Son’s way of living is itself the victory.

Peter too had to walk this same road. In his impetuosity he had declared: “I will never abandon you!” But when a servant girl asked whether he had been with Jesus, he denied it three times. “And while he was still speaking, a rooster crowed. The Lord turned and looked at Peter. And Peter remembered. And he went out and wept bitterly.” (Lk 22:54–62).

That bitter weeping marks the dividing line between Peter and Judas. Both betrayed Jesus. But Peter wept from sorrow; Judas took his own life from despair. Judas wanted to preserve his critical autonomy, to be no one’s “follower.” Peter wept.

Love and inconsistency seem incompatible to us, because we identify love with consistency. But in deep experience, this is not how it works.

Peter had sunk into absolute inconsistency. Yet that inconsistency did not prevail over his attachment to Jesus — as his tears prove. His sorrow would remain forever the sign of his unshakeable affection. Only before a beloved person can one feel genuine sorrow for one’s own wrong. Sorrow is the sign of love.

But once one has sunk into sorrow, how does one begin again? Peter’s drama did not end there. It reached its climax in the face of the most unthinkable question he could ever have been asked after so catastrophic a betrayal: “Peter, do you love me?” (Jn 21:16). No question could have challenged Peter’s measure more severely. Jesus does not want sentimental followers. He entered Peter’s heart through the only truly human door: reason. He challenged Peter with the love contained in that question. And by overwhelming him with His unyielding, singular affection, Christ kept Peter’s reason from caving into rationalism.

What does this mean for us? If the heart does not expand reason, there is nothing to be done — measure wins. But the heart is “the condition for reason to function properly,” as Giussani told us. “For reason to be reason, affectivity must envelop it and move the whole person. Reason and feeling, reason and affection: this is the heart of the human being.” When reason detaches from affection — as in Judas — it goes mad. When it does not — as in Peter, challenged by the question “Simon, do you love me?” — the game begins again.

With that question, Jesus reopened a drama that seemed definitively over, concluded in defeat. If He had not reopened it, there would have been no history; nothingness would have won — Pilate, Herod, the Sanhedrin. The same is true for us: if Jesus did not continually reopen our drama, our life could not be built. We cannot step outside our own measure alone. It becomes possible only when I am overwhelmed by a love like Christ’s love for Peter.

Peter’s “yes” is built on that forgiveness. The Abbot tells Miguel Mañara that everything he did in his past is reduced to zero. It takes infinite power to reduce to nothing what actually exists. Forgiveness is a reduction to nothing of all the evil I have done — and also of all the evil I will do, because a month from now, a year from now, I will formally have to say the same thing I am saying today. Mothers and fathers know this intimately: they erase the memory of their children’s wrongs every single day, and everything can begin again, can be reborn. Unless one refuses the forgiveness.

There was a Japanese babysitter who, seeing a mother constantly forgive her children, one day said: “I’m not coming back here.” “Why?” “Because I cannot bear that you forgive your children — and me too.” For her, that word needed to be struck from the dictionary. Forgiveness introduces a revolutionary newness into life; it radically challenges our sense of measure. For that babysitter the challenge was unbearable. The scandal was too great.

Letting oneself be generated by forgiveness is not immediate, even though it is utterly simple. This is the ultimate challenge to freedom and reason alike, because when one is wounded and nursing resentment — above all toward oneself, for a mistake made, an evil done — one is effectively paralyzed. An unmistakable sign of accepted forgiveness is that the person is set free. Here, then, is the condition for new humanity to flower in us: accepting to be forgiven. Not letting oneself be generated by Christ’s forgiveness — this is our daily act of tearing Him from the land of the living. Here it is not established power that denies Him; it is the power of our own freedom. And so, like Judas, we end up serving the very power — secular or clerical — that seeks to destroy Him. This is what it means to let one’s own measure prevail over the Life that generates us, over the hope He has kindled.

From Peter’s “yes” — which seems hidden beneath the drama that unfolds from that moment on history’s great screen — the new people arises. Peter’s “yes” is the origin of the new people to which we belong. Giussani brilliantly locates Peter’s “yes” at the very beginning, establishing the connection between personal vocation and God’s universal design. It is from the personal experience of accepted forgiveness that one can participate in Christ’s universal plan, in Christ’s mercy. Only those reborn through forgiveness can communicate this new Event and so bring every “Peter” they meet back to life. Not by virtue of a role, but because they have been forgiven. One can pass on to another only the gaze of Christ that has reborn oneself. Only those who have been — and are continually being — rebuilt can rebuild others. Here is the triumph of the mercy Christ has for humanity.

A devout remembrance is not enough to restart the game. Not even everything Peter had experienced would have been sufficient: what is needed is One who is present. Whoever does not allow himself to be generated now will not be able to step outside his own measure on his own, and that measure will always have the upper hand. No one generates life unless he is first generated in forgiveness. The new people is born from this forgiveness.

At this moment we ask to enter into this drama — personal and historical at once. What we are doing is not a simple remembrance of the past. This is an Event that endures. Christ is contemporary; it is happening now. And it raises the very same drama of the beginning — the same drama of Peter and Judas — here and now.

Julián Carrón

Julián Carrón, born in 1950 in Spain, is a Catholic priest and theologian. Ordained in 1975, he obtained a degree in Theology from Comillas Pontifical University. Carrón has held professorships at prestigious institutions, including the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart in Milan. In 2004, he moved to Milan at the request of Fr. Luigi Giussani, founder of Communion and Liberation. Following Giussani's death in 2005, Carrón became President of the Fraternity of Communion and Liberation, a position he held until 2021. Known for his work on Gospel historicity, Carrón has published extensively and participated in Church synods, meeting with both Pope Benedict XVI and Pope Francis.

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