It Is the Lord.

Caravaggio, Supper at Emmaus, 1606, Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan — the moment the disciples recognize Jesus.

Caravaggio, Supper at Emmaus, 1606, Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan — the moment the disciples recognize Jesus.

Like a weary child, I now want to rest
and I entrust my life to you.
— Giuni Russo, "His Figure" (La sua figura)
Pierluigi Banna It is the Lord

Pierluigi Banna - Awe, the Figure, Companionship: A Dialogue on the Heart of Christianity.

I. The Surprise That Defines the Christian

Not a habit, but a love that happens

Chiara. I'd like to start with the song we just heard. Have you ever had an extraordinary encounter in your life—one that changed you? And, if so, what was it like?

Don Pigi. On the holy card for my first Mass, I chose the phrase: "It is the Lord." Below it, I placed Caravaggio's painting of the disciples at Emmaus—the canvas now in the Pinacoteca di Brera, in Milan—caught at the very moment when they are taken by surprise and realize that the traveler is Jesus. In that surprise—John's exclamation by the lake, the burning hearts of the two who finally understand and ask themselves, "How could we not have recognized him?"—lies, for me, the essence of all Christianity. No one is a Christian except through that surprise and its continual recurrence: you open your eyes and discover him standing there in front of you, the love of your life.

If he is God-with-us, he is not far from our daily lives; yet what interests me most—and what I most often miss—is the surprise of seeing him here, alive. It is the difference, Pope Francis would say, between a person who is merely accustomed to something and a person who is in love. We can recite the Angelus a thousand times and go through the motions without anything stirring within us; or we can realize that Someone has come specifically for us, to seek us out, and then we cannot help but turn our faces toward him, to convert. Christianity is the proclamation of a present love that catches us off guard, and precisely for this reason it cannot be handed on except through an encounter. That is why, in order to speak to you about it, I cannot simply talk you into a tradition: I must retrace a history of encounters capable of piercing through my own perspective.

A teacher, a doubt, the northern lights

The first took place in Catania. It was a surprise around a table—just as it was for the two disciples on the road to Emmaus—the table of a teacher I looked up to, a woman everyone admired but who did not seem interested in me. A few days before my fourteenth birthday, I let slip a cynical remark: "You can't find true friends anymore." She stopped short. "How can you say something like that already?" Then she asked whether I had read Ibsen's Peer Gynt—as if a thirteen-year-old would have—and gave me a copy as a gift, telling me about the man who lives in the long darkness of the North until, after six months of gloom, the northern lights burst forth. "Who's to say," she told me, "that this doubt of yours isn't the darkness that's paving the way for a new possibility?" She put the whole dinner on hold for me; the next day, she wrote me a note reflecting on friendship.

She didn't resolve the issue; she didn't give me instructions: she simply reopened a possibility by taking an interest in me. That's why I call it an exceptional encounter. It is an encounter in which God makes himself present, because he meets you where you are and understands you completely, while at the same time taking you beyond your expectations; and yet he makes you feel at home, so much so that you think, "I've never found anything like this before, and I've always wanted it." If we don't want to reduce Christianity to a habit, we must keep returning to these encounters—never just one—in which love for his person is reborn. If I can say that I have encountered Christ, it is only because of the mysterious faithfulness with which such encounters have been repeated—not because of any merit of my own.

II. Why Say "It Is Jesus"

Neither deduction, nor tradition, nor morality

Lorenzo. These faces you've begun to name—from Catania to today—how do they speak of that One? I, too, encounter my mother, my friends, a thousand things that surprise me, and for the most part I simply say, "This is my mother." How is it that you, on the other hand, come to say, "This one who has set my heart ablaze is Jesus Christ"?

Don Pigi. Over time, I've discovered that it is not I who say this as the conclusion of a line of reasoning. I've studied logical deduction, and it doesn't get you there. Nor do I say it out of trust in a tradition, as if I were repeating it only because it has been repeated for two thousand years. And yet that tradition is precisely what I teach—patristics, the study of the Church Fathers—and I believe that nothing rivals Christianity for the greatness of its tradition, the beauty of its moral vision, or the astonishing rigor of its thought. And still, none of this is what makes me say, "It is Jesus." Because if we go back to the origins, and to every pinnacle Christianity has reached, it was not tradition, ritual, or morality that set a Saint John of the Cross—or, for me, a Don Giussani—ablaze.

Awe: mouth agape, heart open

Rather, it was something we all know from childhood: awe. We have all fallen in love; we have all experienced that encounter that made us feel at home. The problem is the next moment, when we are tempted to box the event into our own logic—like when, after meeting the teacher, I thought the next day, "I have to be with her," as if repeating the same dinners would repeat the spell. It doesn't work: the mystery of falling in love cannot be boiled down to a formula and run again. Rather than mastering it, reason allows itself to be swept away by this experience—what English speakers express with a simple "oh." This is what wonder is: not just an open mouth, but a heart and mind thrown open to something that is wholly present and is not you, while your entire being depends on what lies behind that face.

Ovid and St. John of the Cross: two ways of loving a figure

An image struck me as never before. On a recent trip to Greece with some fellow priests—priests far more learned than I am—we were reading, between one stop and the next, Ovid's Metamorphoses, which describes with great precision the dynamics of falling in love: one falls in love and immediately tries to capture the figure of the beloved. Apollo pursues Daphne to make her his own; but—and this is the great insight of a pagan—the very moment one tries to grasp the figure, it slips away, dissolves in one's hands, crumbles to dust. So it is with Narcissus and Echo: one seeks to possess, and in doing so, one loses.

Giuni Russo describes the opposite experience. She draws on St. John of the Cross—who in turn comments on the Song of Songs—and says, in essence: I do not want to make your image my own; I want your image to heal my pain. Here, wonder opens onto a further level, which is faith. I am so open to you that I understand I need you—not your ideas, but your presence—to understand myself; and the only path open to me is not to possess you, but to open myself to your being. It is at this level that the relationship with Christ enters into these exceptional encounters: not as a label to be affixed to them, but as the very depth of that wonder. Gregory of Nyssa said it long ago: the intellect, even the most refined, creates idols—things to be possessed. Only wonder truly knows, because only wonder opens us to a presence. Without it, faith shrinks into ideology.

III. Waiting and Faithfulness

Boredom, the infallible test

Chiara. I, too, have had that experience of wonder, and I wish it would happen to me again at every moment. But often, in my desire for it to return, I end up manufacturing it—and that bothers me. How do you live this waiting, without fabricating it with your own images?

Don Pigi. On the one hand, it's simple: all it takes—as Julián Carrón often reminds me—is to return to one of those encounters that brought us to faith, and to be true to ourselves. When you force the experience into your own ideas, you end up like Apollo, left holding a laurel branch: what good is that to him? We can rattle off rosaries and celebrate Masses, but are we truly recognizing a living presence? There is one infallible test, and that is boredom—the exact opposite of wonder, that suffocating feeling that everything is already determined by the limits of our expectations. All we need to do is be honest about that boredom to realize that we aren't truly opening ourselves up to the anticipation of something new.

Jesus' method: a question that unmasks

This is precisely what surprised me: that exceptional encounters—always signs of Christ's presence—have the power to provoke us to such honesty. In the Gospel, Jesus doesn't cut his disciples any slack, but he doesn't berate them either; he asks questions that unmask their closed-mindedness. "What are you looking for?" he asks the first two. "What did you go out to see?" he asks those who had run to the Baptist. And to the disciples in the boat who were anxious about the bread: "Why? How many loaves did I multiply last time?" If you were the Risen One and found two disheartened disciples, what would you do? He asks, "Why are you downcast?" There is such a love of freedom that this encounter always takes the form of a question—"And you, what did you see?"—and compels you to come to terms with the experience you have truly lived.

The field at sunset: looking at reality twice

Every time, in the presence of people like these, you discover that reality was greater than the way you had been reducing it. I was walking through the fields with a friend and said, "What a beautiful sunset." And he replied, "Take a second look. That light brown is a field lying fallow; that lighter brown is freshly plowed soil—do you see the tractor tracks? The darker corners are where the herbicide was applied, and the animals are returning to the barns after drinking." He was studying agriculture. But that's how we're roused from the narrowness of our expectations: by those who urge us to look again, more carefully, at precisely what we thought we were seeing. The more the years go by, the more I realize that we hardly look at anything and yet claim to have seen it all: certain things are hiding in plain sight, and we don't see them.

The anxiety of the thesis, and boundless tenderness

I experienced the same thing with Julián—another one of those encounters in which Jesus comes knocking at the door, saying, "I don't change my method; as I did with the apostles, so I do with you." I was about to finish my thesis and was driving him home; I confided in him that I didn't know how to square what I still had to do with what I was about to become. He replied, catching me off guard, "I'm the son of farmers; I don't understand such abstract talk." After a silence, I admitted, "In the morning, when I sit down to work on my thesis, I feel anxious because I'm afraid I won't make it." And he said, "Do you see how it takes you an hour to tell me the thing that's closest to your heart? Don't you have any tenderness toward yourself? Perhaps this anxiety is precisely the opportunity to ask yourself what you've learned over these five years."

He challenged me as no one ever had. Your self, your expectations, even your limitations—they are much more than what you've reduced them to; and that reality was not a problem to be dealt with, but an opportunity to rediscover those five years. He didn't write the thesis for me: he showed me the value of Christianity for life, which is to reopen our eyes to the mystery that you are and to the mystery at the heart of all things. That's why you can tell whether Christ has entered someone's heart by the sense of disproportion with which they stand before themselves and before reality: whatever you encounter, there is a certainty greater than yourself—there is Someone who is making it happen.

IV. Against Moralism: Are You What You Do, or Are You Made?

The bitter fruit of judgment

Lorenzo. You said that it's enough to be true to oneself. But is that an effort, a matter of skill? What is the crux of the matter, and what role does our freedom play? Why is it that, so often, we aren't true to ourselves out of fear?

Don Pigi. I believe we live in a society deeply marked by moralism: the claim that a person's worth consists in what they do, for better or for worse. All our efforts are directed toward determining whether we have acted well or poorly; and so we end up fearing the judgment of others more than anything else. When faced with our choices, we see ourselves as their consequence—"from now on, your life will be marked by that mistake"—and today, all it takes is a quick online search for a person to be labeled forever by their actions. Case closed. It's exactly the temptation described in Genesis: whoever wants to take control of the judgment of their own life ends up feeling judged more than ever. You've locked your self-judgment inside an action, believing you've become its master; and now that action condemns you—like someone who burns hours on social media and then writes himself off: "I'm a time-waster."

The great truth

But just as we're bent under this judgment, someone comes up behind us and says, "You're forgetting something. You say you're the result of your actions. But are you your own work, or are you a work? Are you what you do, or are you made?" Is it more evident that you've performed a right or wrong action, or that you are not self-made? It isn't even close. This face, this temperament, are a work you did not make—so much so that you would have wanted them to be different; and you continue to be created even when you make mistakes. We live in an optical illusion: we prefer the narrow perspective of our actions to the great truth that endures even in the face of our mistakes. This is what Jesus says: "While you reduce life to your own concerns, there is One who clothes the lilies and feeds the sparrows; and are you not, in his eyes, worth more than the lilies and the sparrows?" To have tenderness toward oneself is to recover that perspective. Chiara, you are made—and it's clear that right now you're not making yourself: do you want to start over from here, or keep seeing yourself as a consequence of your actions?

Who followed him most: freedom placed back in their hands

The most beautiful thing, Lorenzo, is that faced with this challenge, some are reborn and others get angry because their toy has been taken away. And who followed him most? It was those who were most true to their own need, the greatest sinners, those who knew they could not clothe themselves—those who saw their own powerlessness clearly. These clung to him, even to the point of drying his feet with their hair; the others looked at him with distaste. Freedom is challenged to the very end, precisely because he does not spare us the challenge, but places it back in our hands.

V. Crossing the Darkness: Companionship

"I entrust my life to you"

Chiara. In the face of wonder, it's easy to let myself be carried along; but when you provoked me about my anxiety, I froze, because I feared something bad might emerge from it. How do we get through even the hardest circumstances without getting stuck in that foreboding?

Don Pigi. The song from earlier contains a line I'd jotted down: "Like a weary child, I now want to rest and I entrust my life to you." Awe is reborn precisely where Julián invited me to look at my anxiety: in having encountered someone who isn't afraid of your anxiety and who restores to the center the certainty that you, in this very moment, are whole. It's like the father who enters the dark room where the child doesn't dare to go: the child says, "With him, I can," and finds a presence that doesn't take away the fear of the dark, but gives the child the certainty of who is walking beside him.

Testimonies: tugging at the Virgin Mary's skirt

Some testimonies have stayed with me. A young woman, facing an exam, prays with holy nerve: "Will you take responsibility for making me this way?"—and she faces her struggles without having to fix herself or shake off her fear, but knowing, like a child, whom to turn to. A mother, whose son is suffering a severe relapse of leukemia, told me, "I pray, and I know whom I'm asking. I'll keep asking Our Lady until I tear her skirt; and since she's modest and doesn't want it torn, sooner or later she'll listen to me." Without realizing it, she was echoing St. Anthony the Abbot, who explains that "the kingdom of God belongs to the bold": it belongs to those who, like a child who isn't the least bit shy, aren't afraid to tug at their father's sleeve until he listens. And another mother, who had lost a child, told me, "This lost motherhood is like a fire; my life is an extremely heavy cross, and yet from this pain a life so mysterious has been kindled that I do not want to fail it." It is on the strength of that exceptional experience that one enters every circumstance, as Don Giussani would say, "with a child who is certain and joyful."

The source of true companionship

My struggles pale in comparison to these, and it is precisely from them that I learn. But the certainty is the same: if you are there, I will face even the darkness. I do not fear those who throw my faults in my face: I enter every struggle, says the Letter to the Hebrews, surrounded by a cloud of witnesses, with my gaze fixed on Jesus. Without this love that fills us with wonder, all that remains is habit, ritual, morality, or fascinating intellectual systems that fail to convince life itself. We can only ask God to continue winning us back: with what Michelangelo, in his Rime, calls his "ineffable courtesy"—the unique method of winning us over while respecting our freedom, courting it like a lover.

And this never leaves you on your own: it is the source of true companionship. In a world that condemns individualism without knowing how to point the way out, your true friend is the one who introduces you to a relationship with this Father—as Julián did with me—constantly placing you before the evidence of a Father who, in this very moment, creates you and enables you to enter into every darkness. By following him, you discover that you are not alone, that many friends have gone ahead of you; and if, with humility, you look back, you see—unworthily—that others are following you as well, and that, through you, they are following him. This is Christian companionship.

Closing remarks

Lorenzo. Thank you, Don Pigi, for your friendship and for being with us. We threw out the questions we had prepared, because we knew you would amaze us. And you did.

Don Pigi. A sign that it is Another who amazes: otherwise, the amazement would be inexplicable.

Pierluigi Banna

Pierluigi Banna, born in 1984, is an Italian Catholic theologian and clergyman. He holds a PhD in Systematic Theology and History, teaching at the Faculty of Theology of Northern Italy and Catholic University in Milan. Banna's research focuses on patristics and early Christianity's relationship with ancient philosophy. He actively contributes to academic discourse, exploring faith, reason, and contemporary cultural issues.

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