The Heart of Authority

True obedience is the highest form of friendship—a gesture of the self that makes the taste of your life greater and your heart more real.
— Corrado Sanguineti
The Heart of Authority
Bishop Corrado Sanguineti

Corrado Sanguineti - Bishop of Pavia, Italy.

The Heart of Authority: Lessons from Lourdes and the Charism of Fr. Giussani

Dear Brothers and Sisters,

This year, we celebrate Holy Mass in suffrage for the Servant of God, Fr. Luigi Giussani, on the anniversary of the recognition of the Fraternity of Communion and Liberation (February 11, 1982)—the Memorial of Our Lady of Lourdes. In the first reading, the prophet Isaiah announces to the exiles returning from Babylon that they will experience God’s maternal consolation in Jerusalem: “As a mother comforts her child, so will I comfort you; and you will be comforted over Jerusalem” (Is 66:13).

These words call to mind the maternal consolation of Mary, which millions of pilgrims, including many who are suffering, continue to receive in Lourdes. There, the maternal tenderness of the "Beautiful Lady" is as palpable today as it was at the very beginning. Fr. Giussani experienced the Church’s formal recognition of the Fraternity as a gesture of consolation and a confirmation of the charism that the Spirit had bestowed through his person and witness. In a letter to the entire Fraternity following the decree from the Pontifical Council for the Laity, he stated: “What has happened... is certainly the greatest grace in the entire history of the movement.” It was a fatherly gesture by St. John Paul II and a motherly embrace by the Church, welcoming as a work of the Spirit that which had blossomed from Fr. Giussani's charism.

The origin and history of the Lourdes pilgrimage is itself an event of grace. If we revisit the story of Bernadette, we are struck by her humility and clarity in reporting the messages entrusted to her by the Virgin. We are also struck by the starkly different ways authority was exercised: on one hand by the Church—in the persons of the parish priest, Abbé Peyramale, and the local bishop—and on the other by the civil authorities.

The parish priest, a formidable character, was initially skeptical of Bernadette. He repeatedly demanded a sign from "the Lady." However, moved by the young visionary’s clarity of mind—and especially by the Virgin’s self-revelation, “I am the Immaculate Conception” (which Bernadette reported faithfully without understanding its theological depth)—he relented. Recognizing the hand of God, he became a father figure to Bernadette, shielding her from detractors and the overwhelming pressure of the crowds.

In contrast, the civil authorities remained locked in rationalistic frameworks. Viewing the girl as ignorant and superstitious, they maintained a stance of stonewalling opposition until the end, even denying the clear evidence of the miracles at the Grotto of Massabielle.

These represent two opposing ways of conceiving authority, a tension that can also manifest within the ecclesial experience. Many saints and founders have, in their early stages, encountered misunderstanding or "closed doors" from Church authorities. This was also true for Fr. Giussani, who suffered from prejudice regarding the new reality emerging around him. Consequently, he viewed the Pope’s welcome as a profound grace—a shot in the arm that encouraged the movement to continue its work as a mature expression of a charism embraced by free will.

For the journey of the Church and the life of the Fraternity, a healthy vision of authority and obedience is essential. A narrow, legalistic conception of authority does not foster growth; instead, it leads to going through the motions or mechanical rigidity, resulting in exhaustion, resentment, and a "distance of the heart." While everyone in the movement is a co-responsible steward of the charism, a unique responsibility falls on those who guide the Fraternity today. They must exercise authority authentically, nurturing an obedience that is truly human—an act of men and women conscious of their belonging to Christ.

I would like to quote two passages from Fr. Giussani: one on obedience as a "gesture of the self," and the other on the distinction between formal authority and moral authority (authoritativeness).

In Is It Possible to Live This Way?, he describes obedience as true friendship. This is far from a "gregarious" or military conception of falling in line. He writes: "To follow... implies trying to understand what you are told... It means to grasp the correspondence between what is said to you and what you are—the urgencies of your heart." When you understand that what is asked of you is for the love of your life, "you no longer depend on the one who says it to you... you follow yourself." At its peak, obedience is the discovery of oneself in the light of another. Without this level of friendship, obedience is not virtue; it is mere "schoolteacher stuff" or slavery.

Furthermore, his 1993 reflections on authority are enlightening. He distinguishes between the authority recognized by the Church and the personal authority (or "authoritativeness") gained through one's own living of the charism. He notes that even the "smallest person" among us might live the charism with such sincerity that they surpass those in leadership. "Authority ensures the path," he said, but it also "warms the steps" and makes the journey persuasive.

Returning to Lourdes, we see authority that was intelligent and humble in Abbé Peyramale. We also see authority manifested in Bernadette’s own journey of holiness in Nevers. There, she did not "talk" about Lourdes; she lived it until her death.

In the best of worlds, formal office and moral authority coexist in the same person. However, the primary service of any leader is to point out those "authoritative presences" where the newness of Christ is most transparent.

Please pray for those in leadership—for me, for the Pope, and for those guiding the Fraternity—that they may foster an obedience of children, not slaves. Pray that the gift of true authority, marked by humility and witness, may never be lacking. Amen.

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